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The Best Probiotic Supplements of 2025: What to Know Before You Buy

The Best Probiotic Supplements of 2025: What to Know Before You Buy

There are several probiotic products out there that claim to support IBS and reduce bloating. But which brands are the best?

There are several probiotic products out there that claim to support IBS and reduce bloating. But which brands are the best?

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The Best Probiotic Supplements of 2025: What to Know Before You Buy

There are several probiotic products out there that claim to support IBS and reduce bloating. But which brands are the best?

IMPORTANT:  If you’re looking for real results from probiotics in 2025, you’re in the right place. I’ve uncovered the top 5 probiotic supplements people are switching to — and the common traps that make most formulas fail to deliver.

IMPORTANT:  If you’re looking for real results from probiotics in 2025, you’re in the right place. I’ve uncovered the top 5 probiotic supplements people are switching to — and the common traps that make most formulas fail to deliver.

IMPORTANT:  If you’re looking for real results from probiotics in 2025, you’re in the right place. I’ve uncovered the top 5 probiotic supplements people are switching to — and the common traps that make most formulas fail to deliver.

Why So Many Are Turning to Probiotics

Why So Many Are Turning to Probiotics

Why So Many Are Turning to Probiotics

If you’ve been dealing with gut issues like bloating, irregular digestion, food sensitivities, low energy, or even brain fog — you’re not alone. Today, over 12 million Americans report struggling with gut health challenges.


Modern life is tough on our digestive systems. Poor diets, stress, medications (like antibiotics), and environmental toxins all take a toll. Over time, this can throw off the delicate balance of bacteria in your gut — a condition called gut dysbiosis.

The dangers of an unbalanced gut

The dangers of an unbalanced gut

The dangers of an unbalanced gut

When your microbiome is out of balance, it can weaken immunity, disrupt mood, and even make weight management harder.


That’s why more people are turning to probiotics — because they’re realizing that gut health affects every part of their well-being.

How Probiotics Work to Restore Balance

A healthy gut needs the right mix of beneficial bacteria to crowd out the harmful ones — and that’s where probiotics and prebiotics come in.


Probiotics replenish your digestive tract with “good” bacteria that help restore balance by:


  • Reducing inflammation and bloating

  • Improving digestion and nutrient absorption

  • Protecting the gut barrier (preventing toxins from leaking into your bloodstream)

  • Supporting your immune system

  • Sending calming signals to the brain that can ease stress and improve mood

Prebiotics (like certain fibers and plant compounds) act as “fuel” for these good bacteria, helping them thrive and multiply — creating a healthier, more resilient gut ecosystem.

Postbiotics — a new advancement in gut health

Postbiotics are bioactive compounds that directly support the immune system and the gut-brain axis. A few cutting-edge supplements combine all three (prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics) for a total microbiome reset.

A healthy gut needs the right mix of beneficial bacteria to crowd out the harmful ones — and that’s where probiotics and prebiotics come in.


Probiotics replenish your digestive tract with “good” bacteria that help restore balance by:


  • Reducing inflammation and bloating

  • Improving digestion and nutrient absorption

  • Protecting the gut barrier (preventing toxins from leaking into your bloodstream)

  • Supporting your immune system

  • Sending calming signals to the brain that can ease stress and improve mood

Prebiotics (like certain fibers and plant compounds) act as “fuel” for these good bacteria, helping them thrive and multiply — creating a healthier, more resilient gut ecosystem.

Postbiotics — a new advancement in gut health

Postbiotics are bioactive compounds that directly support the immune system and the gut-brain axis. A few cutting-edge supplements combine all three (prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics) for a total microbiome reset.

A healthy gut needs the right mix of beneficial bacteria to crowd out the harmful ones — and that’s where probiotics and prebiotics come in.


Probiotics replenish your digestive tract with “good” bacteria that help restore balance by:


  • Reducing inflammation and bloating

  • Improving digestion and nutrient absorption

  • Protecting the gut barrier (preventing toxins from leaking into your bloodstream)

  • Supporting your immune system

  • Sending calming signals to the brain that can ease stress and improve mood

Prebiotics (like certain fibers and plant compounds) act as “fuel” for these good bacteria, helping them thrive and multiply — creating a healthier, more resilient gut ecosystem.

Postbiotics — a new advancement in gut health

Postbiotics are bioactive compounds that directly support the immune system and the gut-brain axis. A few cutting-edge supplements combine all three (prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics) for a total microbiome reset.

Understanding Probiotics

Understanding Probiotics

A quality probiotic isn’t just about throwing bacteria into a capsule. It’s about the right strains, the right amount (CFU count), and whether those bacteria actually survive and thrive in your gut.


  • Strains: Each strain (or species) of bacteria provides unique benefits. A multi-strain formula gives broader coverage for digestion, immunity, and mood.

  • CFU Count: The count (measured in billions) is important, but survival is even more critical — spore-forming strains or blends with prebiotics ensure these bacteria make it to your gut alive.

  • Prebiotics: These fibers help the good bacteria grow and colonize effectively — supplements without them often underperform.


  • Postbiotics: Still rare in supplements, postbiotics can amplify probiotic benefits and support immune signaling.

A quality probiotic isn’t just about throwing bacteria into a capsule. It’s about the right strains, the right amount (CFU count), and whether those bacteria actually survive and thrive in your gut.


  • Strains: Each strain (or species) of bacteria provides unique benefits. A multi-strain formula gives broader coverage for digestion, immunity, and mood.

  • CFU Count: The count (measured in billions) is important, but survival is even more critical — spore-forming strains or blends with prebiotics ensure these bacteria make it to your gut alive.

  • Prebiotics: These fibers help the good bacteria grow and colonize effectively — supplements without them often underperform.


  • Postbiotics: Still rare in supplements, postbiotics can amplify probiotic benefits and support immune signaling.

A quality probiotic isn’t just about throwing bacteria into a capsule. It’s about the right strains, the right amount (CFU count), and whether those bacteria actually survive and thrive in your gut.


  • Strains: Each strain (or species) of bacteria provides unique benefits. A multi-strain formula gives broader coverage for digestion, immunity, and mood.

  • CFU Count: The count (measured in billions) is important, but survival is even more critical — spore-forming strains or blends with prebiotics ensure these bacteria make it to your gut alive.

  • Prebiotics: These fibers help the good bacteria grow and colonize effectively — supplements without them often underperform.


  • Postbiotics: Still rare in supplements, postbiotics can amplify probiotic benefits and support immune signaling.

What to Look For in a Quality Probiotic Supplement

What to Look For in a Quality Probiotic Supplement

Multi-strain formula: Targets digestion, immunity, and even mental clarity. A mix of probiotic species (not just one or two) is key.


Clinically studied strains: Look for proven benefits like IBS relief, immune support, or stress reduction.


Includes prebiotics: Helps probiotics thrive and improves digestive regularity.


Postbiotics for advanced gut support: A sign of next-gen microbiome science.


No unnecessary additives: Clean formulas with no artificial fillers, sweeteners, or colors.


Third-party tested: Ensures potency and purity.


Non-GMO and allergen-free: A must for sensitive digestive systems.

What to Avoid in a Probiotic Supplement

What to Avoid in a Probiotic Supplement

Proprietary blends: If you can’t see the exact strain amounts, you can’t trust their effectiveness.


No prebiotics: Without fuel for the bacteria, results often fall flat.


Unverified CFU claims: CFU counts mean little if the bacteria don’t survive stomach acid.


Outdated strains: Some strains have little to no clinical backing.


Low transparency: No third-party testing or research available.


Added sugars or binders: These can irritate the gut.


Overhyped promises: Beware of products promising “instant detox” or “overnight fixes.”

Proprietary blends: If you can’t see the exact strain amounts, you can’t trust their effectiveness.


No prebiotics: Without fuel for the bacteria, results often fall flat.


Unverified CFU claims: CFU counts mean little if the bacteria don’t survive stomach acid.


Outdated strains: Some strains have little to no clinical backing.


Low transparency: No third-party testing or research available.


Added sugars or binders: These can irritate the gut.


Overhyped promises: Beware of products promising “instant detox” or “overnight fixes.”

Proprietary blends: If you can’t see the exact strain amounts, you can’t trust their effectiveness.


No prebiotics: Without fuel for the bacteria, results often fall flat.


Unverified CFU claims: CFU counts mean little if the bacteria don’t survive stomach acid.


Outdated strains: Some strains have little to no clinical backing.


Low transparency: No third-party testing or research available.


Added sugars or binders: These can irritate the gut.


Overhyped promises: Beware of products promising “instant detox” or “overnight fixes.”

Note: these are the criteria used to rank the products. So without further ado, let’s get to the ranking.

Note: these are the criteria used to rank the products. So without further ado, let’s get to the ranking.

Note: these are the criteria used to rank the products. So without further ado, let’s get to the ranking.

Top Probiotics of 2025: Side-by-Side

Top Probiotics of 2025: Side-by-Side

Feature

Feature

The Gut Superblend

Physician's Choice Gut Health

Physician's Choice Gut Health

DS-01

DS-01

Garden of Life Dr. Formulated

Garden of Life Dr. Formulated

Align Probiotic 24/7

Align Probiotic 24/7

Full Gut Support

Clinically Studied Strains

Clinically Studied Strains

Mental Health Benefits

Skin Health Support

Skin Health Support

Proven IBS Symptom Relief

Proven IBS Symptom Relief

Includes Prebiotics

Includes Prebiotics

Third-Party Tested

Third-Party Tested

Balanced Strains

Balanced Strains

Affordable Price

Affordable Price

No Refrigeration Needed

No Refrigeration Needed

1. The Gut Superblend

1. The Gut Superblend

1. The Gut Superblend

Rating 4.8 /5

by SFG Biome

by SFG Biome

by SFG Biome

Rating

Rating

Rating

A+

A+

A+

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SHOP NOW

SHOP NOW

Pros

Pros

3-in-1 gut health formula: prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics

3-in-1 gut health formula: prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics

3-in-1 gut health formula: prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics

GLP-1 Support for Natural Weight Management

GLP-1 Support for Natural Weight Management

GLP-1 Support for Natural Weight Management

11.5B CFU from 6 clinically studied strains

11.5B CFU from 6 clinically studied strains

11.5B CFU from 6 clinically studied strains

8g of fiber per serving for digestion and regularity

9.8g plant-based polyphenols (turmeric, pomegranate, elderberry, and more)

9.8g plant-based polyphenols (turmeric, pomegranate, elderberry, and more)

9.8g plant-based polyphenols (turmeric, pomegranate, elderberry, and more)

Postbiotic IMMUSE™ for advanced immune support

Postbiotic IMMUSE™ for advanced immune support

Postbiotic IMMUSE™ for advanced immune support

Clean, non-GMO, third-party tested

Clean, non-GMO, third-party tested

Clean, non-GMO, third-party tested

Supports gut-brain axis and stress relief

Supports gut-brain axis and stress relief

Supports gut-brain axis and stress relief

No artificial sweeteners or fillers

No artificial sweeteners or fillers

No artificial sweeteners or fillers

Includes antioxidant and anti-inflammatory support

Includes antioxidant and anti-inflammatory support

Includes antioxidant and anti-inflammatory support

Cons

Cons

Only available online

Only available online

Only available online

Sometimes out of stock due to high demand

Sometimes out of stock due to high demand

Sometimes out of stock due to high demand

A Closer Look

A Closer Look

A Closer Look

The Gut Superblend by SFG Biome isn’t your standard probiotic — it’s a comprehensive gut health system. With 11.5 billion CFU of powerful probiotics, 8g of prebiotic fiber, and the innovative postbiotic IMMUSE™, it delivers a complete microbiome solution that supports digestion, immunity, and overall wellness. The added plant-based polyphenol blend (featuring turmeric, green tea, elderberry, and lychee) provides antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits, making it perfect for those who want more than basic gut support. It’s clean, allergen-free, and third-party tested, ensuring you’re getting a premium product that truly works.

The Gut Superblend by SFG Biome isn’t your standard probiotic — it’s a comprehensive gut health system. With 11.5 billion CFU of powerful probiotics, 8g of prebiotic fiber, and the innovative postbiotic IMMUSE™, it delivers a complete microbiome solution that supports digestion, immunity, and overall wellness. The added plant-based polyphenol blend (featuring turmeric, green tea, elderberry, and lychee) provides antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits, making it perfect for those who want more than basic gut support. It’s clean, allergen-free, and third-party tested, ensuring you’re getting a premium product that truly works.

The Gut Superblend by SFG Biome isn’t your standard probiotic — it’s a comprehensive gut health system. With 11.5 billion CFU of powerful probiotics, 8g of prebiotic fiber, and the innovative postbiotic IMMUSE™, it delivers a complete microbiome solution that supports digestion, immunity, and overall wellness. The added plant-based polyphenol blend (featuring turmeric, green tea, elderberry, and lychee) provides antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits, making it perfect for those who want more than basic gut support. It’s clean, allergen-free, and third-party tested, ensuring you’re getting a premium product that truly works.

2. 60 Billion Probiotic

2. 60 Billion Probiotic

2. 60 Billion Probiotic

Rating 4.5 /5

by Physician’s Choice

by Physician’s Choice

by Physician’s Choice

Rating

Rating

Rating

A

A

A

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SHOP NOW

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Pros

Pros

High CFU count: 60 billion per serving

High CFU count: 60 billion per serving

High CFU count: 60 billion per serving

10 diverse strains of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium

10 diverse strains of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium

10 diverse strains of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium

Organic prebiotic fiber blend

Organic prebiotic fiber blend

Organic prebiotic fiber blend

Shelf-stable and acid-resistant capsules

Shelf-stable and acid-resistant capsules

Shelf-stable and acid-resistant capsules

Non-GMO and free of common allergens

Non-GMO and free of common allergens

Non-GMO and free of common allergens

Supports gas, bloating, and irregularity relief

Supports gas, bloating, and irregularity relief

Supports gas, bloating, and irregularity relief

Cons

Cons

No targeted mood or brain support

No targeted mood or brain support

No targeted mood or brain support

May be too strong for sensitive users

May be too strong for sensitive users

May be too strong for sensitive users

A Closer Look

A Closer Look

A Closer Look

Physician’s Choice delivers a heavy-hitting probiotic with a generous dose of 60 billion CFU from 10 strains and prebiotics. It’s designed for those seeking broad-spectrum digestive relief and microbiome diversity. Though it excels in gut support, it lacks the targeted mental or immune health focus of higher-ranked competitors.

Physician’s Choice delivers a heavy-hitting probiotic with a generous dose of 60 billion CFU from 10 strains and prebiotics. It’s designed for those seeking broad-spectrum digestive relief and microbiome diversity. Though it excels in gut support, it lacks the targeted mental or immune health focus of higher-ranked competitors.

Physician’s Choice delivers a heavy-hitting probiotic with a generous dose of 60 billion CFU from 10 strains and prebiotics. It’s designed for those seeking broad-spectrum digestive relief and microbiome diversity. Though it excels in gut support, it lacks the targeted mental or immune health focus of higher-ranked competitors.

3. Once Daily Probiotic

3. Once Daily Probiotic

3. Once Daily Probiotic

Rating 4.3 /5

by Garden of Life

by Garden of Life

by Garden of Life

Rating

Rating

Rating

A-

A-

A-

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Pros

Pros

15 probiotic strains

15 probiotic strains

15 probiotic strains

50 billion CFUs per capsule

50 billion CFUs per capsule

50 billion CFUs per capsule

Organic prebiotics included

Organic prebiotics included

Organic prebiotics included

Doctor-formulated (Dr. Perlmutter)

Doctor-formulated (Dr. Perlmutter)

Doctor-formulated (Dr. Perlmutter)

Non-GMO, soy- and dairy-free

Non-GMO, soy- and dairy-free

Non-GMO, soy- and dairy-free

Cons

Cons

May be too strong for sensitive users

May be too strong for sensitive users

May be too strong for sensitive users

Lacks strain-specific mental health support

Lacks strain-specific mental health support

Lacks strain-specific mental health support

A Closer Look

A Closer Look

A Closer Look

Garden of Life’s probiotic combines 16 diverse strains and organic prebiotics to support digestive, immune, and overall health. It’s backed by a top-tier formulation team and has a strong reputation, but its gender-specific approach and narrower gut-brain support keep it in the third spot.

Garden of Life’s probiotic combines 16 diverse strains and organic prebiotics to support digestive, immune, and overall health. It’s backed by a top-tier formulation team and has a strong reputation, but its gender-specific approach and narrower gut-brain support keep it in the third spot.

Garden of Life’s probiotic combines 16 diverse strains and organic prebiotics to support digestive, immune, and overall health. It’s backed by a top-tier formulation team and has a strong reputation, but its gender-specific approach and narrower gut-brain support keep it in the third spot.

4. DS-01 Daily Synbiotic

4. DS-01 Daily Synbiotic

4. DS-01 Daily Synbiotic

Rating 4.2 /5

by Seed

by Seed

by Seed

Rating

Rating

Rating

B+

B+

B+

SHOP NOW

SHOP NOW

SHOP NOW

Pros

Pros

Clinically studied probiotic strains

Clinically studied probiotic strains

Clinically studied probiotic strains

Prebiotics included

Prebiotics included

Prebiotics included

Vegan, non-GMO, and allergen-free

Vegan, non-GMO, and allergen-free

Vegan, non-GMO, and allergen-free

Backed by strong brand reputation and scientific advisory board

Backed by strong brand reputation and scientific advisory board

Backed by strong brand reputation and scientific advisory board

Cons

Cons

Higher price point compared to competitors

Higher price point compared to competitors

Higher price point compared to competitors

Formula has a strain variety too high — can be too much for sensitive people

Formula has a strain variety too high — can be too much for sensitive people

Formula has a strain variety too high — can be too much for sensitive people

Only available via online subscription (no single purchase option)

A Closer Look

A Closer Look

A Closer Look

DS-01 by Seed takes 3rd place with its 24-strain blend, prebiotics, and advanced capsule design that ensures gut delivery. While it supports broad gut and immune health, its high strain diversity can overwhelm sensitive stomachs, and its premium price makes it less ideal for those seeking focused relief from bloating or IBS.

DS-01 by Seed takes 3rd place with its 24-strain blend, prebiotics, and advanced capsule design that ensures gut delivery. While it supports broad gut and immune health, its high strain diversity can overwhelm sensitive stomachs, and its premium price makes it less ideal for those seeking focused relief from bloating or IBS.

DS-01 by Seed takes 3rd place with its 24-strain blend, prebiotics, and advanced capsule design that ensures gut delivery. While it supports broad gut and immune health, its high strain diversity can overwhelm sensitive stomachs, and its premium price makes it less ideal for those seeking focused relief from bloating or IBS.

5. Probiotic by Align

Rating 4.0 /5

by Align

by Align

by Align

Rating

Rating

Rating

B

B

B

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SHOP NOW

Pros

Pros

Patented strain Bifidobacterium 35624

Patented strain Bifidobacterium 35624

Patented strain Bifidobacterium 35624

Supports IBS symptoms relief

Supports IBS symptoms relief

Supports IBS symptoms relief

Gastroenterologist-recommended brand

Gastroenterologist-recommended brand

Gastroenterologist-recommended brand

Great safety and tolerability

Great safety and tolerability

Great safety and tolerability

Shelf-stable, no refrigeration required

Shelf-stable, no refrigeration required

Shelf-stable, no refrigeration required

Cons

Cons

Low CFU count (1B)

Low CFU count (1B)

Low CFU count (1B)

No prebiotics or mental health support

No prebiotics or mental health support

No prebiotics or mental health support

A Closer Look

A Closer Look

A Closer Look

Align is the go-to probiotic for those struggling with IBS. Its unique strain is clinically proven to reduce bloating and irregularity. It’s a physician-trusted, targeted solution—but its limited scope, low CFU dose, and lack of prebiotics or broad-spectrum support place it fifth in our 2025 ranking.

Align is the go-to probiotic for those struggling with IBS. Its unique strain is clinically proven to reduce bloating and irregularity. It’s a physician-trusted, targeted solution—but its limited scope, low CFU dose, and lack of prebiotics or broad-spectrum support place it fifth in our 2025 ranking.

Align is the go-to probiotic for those struggling with IBS. Its unique strain is clinically proven to reduce bloating and irregularity. It’s a physician-trusted, targeted solution—but its limited scope, low CFU dose, and lack of prebiotics or broad-spectrum support place it fifth in our 2025 ranking.

⭐ MY TOP PICK

⭐ MY TOP PICK

⭐ MY TOP PICK

The Gut Superblend

The Gut Superblend

The Gut Superblend

By SFG Biome

3-in-1 gut health formula: prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics

3-in-1 gut health formula: prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics

3-in-1 gut health formula: prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics

8g of fiber per serving for digestion and regularity

8g of fiber per serving for digestion and regularity

8g of fiber per serving for digestion and regularity

9.8g plant-based polyphenols (turmeric, pomegranate, elderberry, and more)

9.8g plant-based polyphenols (turmeric, pomegranate, elderberry, and more)

9.8g plant-based polyphenols (turmeric, pomegranate, elderberry, and more)

Postbiotic IMMUSE™ for advanced immune support

Postbiotic IMMUSE™ for advanced immune support

Postbiotic IMMUSE™ for advanced immune support

Clean, non-GMO, third-party tested

Clean, non-GMO, third-party tested

Clean, non-GMO, third-party tested

Supports gut-brain axis and stress relief

Supports gut-brain axis and stress relief

Supports gut-brain axis and stress relief

SHOP NOW

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DISCLAIMER:  The scientific research provided is for informational purposes only. Individual results may vary. This page shares this information as a resource and does not endorse it. This content should not be considered a recommendation or endorsement of any specific products.

DISCLAIMER:  The scientific research provided is for informational purposes only. Individual results may vary. This page shares this information as a resource and does not endorse it. This content should not be considered a recommendation or endorsement of any specific products.

DISCLAIMER:  The scientific research provided is for informational purposes only. Individual results may vary. This page shares this information as a resource and does not endorse it. This content should not be considered a recommendation or endorsement of any specific products.

Scientific Research

1. Ouwehand, A. C., Salminen, S., & Isolauri, E. (2002). Probiotics: An overview of beneficial effects. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 82(1–4), 279–289.

2. Majeed, M., Nagabhushanam, K., Arumugam, S., & Majeed, S. (2018). Evaluation of the efficacy of Bacillus coagulans MTCC 5856 on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Nutrition Journal, 17(1), 30.

3. Roberfroid, M., Gibson, G. R., Hoyles, L., McCartney, A. L., Rastall, R., Rowland, I., ... & Watzl, B. (2010). Prebiotic effects: Metabolic and health benefits. British Journal of Nutrition, 104(S2), S1–S63.

4. West, N. P., Horn, P. L., Pyne, D. B., Gebski, V. J., Lahtinen, S. J., Fricker, P. A., & Cripps, A. W. (2011). Probiotic supplementation for respiratory and gastrointestinal illness symptoms in healthy physically active individuals. Clinical Nutrition, 30(6), 758–764.

5. Wallace, C. J. K., Milev, R. (2017). The effects of probiotics on depressive symptoms in humans: a systematic review. Annals of General Psychiatry, 16, 14.

Scientific Research

1. Ouwehand, A. C., Salminen, S., & Isolauri, E. (2002). Probiotics: An overview of beneficial effects. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 82(1–4), 279–289.

2. Majeed, M., Nagabhushanam, K., Arumugam, S., & Majeed, S. (2018). Evaluation of the efficacy of Bacillus coagulans MTCC 5856 on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Nutrition Journal, 17(1), 30.

3. Roberfroid, M., Gibson, G. R., Hoyles, L., McCartney, A. L., Rastall, R., Rowland, I., ... & Watzl, B. (2010). Prebiotic effects: Metabolic and health benefits. British Journal of Nutrition, 104(S2), S1–S63.

4. West, N. P., Horn, P. L., Pyne, D. B., Gebski, V. J., Lahtinen, S. J., Fricker, P. A., & Cripps, A. W. (2011). Probiotic supplementation for respiratory and gastrointestinal illness symptoms in healthy physically active individuals. Clinical Nutrition, 30(6), 758–764.

5. Wallace, C. J. K., Milev, R. (2017). The effects of probiotics on depressive symptoms in humans: a systematic review. Annals of General Psychiatry, 16, 14.